
The Convergence of Technology, Profitability, and Culture: Factors Influencing Chinese Gen Z Fashion NFT Consumers’ Journey
Citation Sun, Y. & Yun, S. J. (2025). The Convergence of Technology, Profitability, and Culture: Factors Influencing Chinese Gen Z Fashion NFT Consumers’ Journey. International Journal of Costume and Fashion, 25(1), 19-34.
Abstract
Since 2020, the rapid expansion of the non-fungible token (NFT) market has transformed multiple industries, particularly fashion, as luxury brands integrate blockchain-based technologies into digital collectibles. Among the key adopters of fashion NFTs, Chinese male Generation Z consumers exhibit high digital literacy and speculative investment tendencies, making them a critical demographic in shaping NFT consumption trends. However, research on their decision-making processes, motivational drivers, and behavioral patterns remains scarce. This study employs qualitative research methods using grounded theory to explore the underlying mechanisms influencing Gen Z male consumers’ engagement with fashion NFTs. Findings reveal that perception of NFT features—including trend-driven exposure and cultural reliability—directly influences cognitive and emotional responses, particularly regarding financial considerations, risk perception, and gamification incentives. These responses, in turn, shape behavioral intentions and consumption patterns, such as strategic investment behavior and psychological engagement. Additionally, long-term impact and market exit strategies moderate the relationship between consumer perception, emotional responses, and purchasing behavior, influencing whether users sustain engagement or withdraw from the market. This study contributes to NFT consumer behavior research by extending perceived value theory and offering insights into market regulation, brand strategy, and consumer trust in digital assets.
Keywords:
Non-Fungible Token (NFT), Digital ownership, Crypto marketing, Asset tokenizationAcknowledgments
This research was supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Department of Education of Henan Province, China (2025-ZZJH-331). The Henan Federation of Social Science Project (SKL-2024-1414). The Culture and Tourism Department of Henan Province, China (24HNFY-LX004). The Soft Science Project of the Henan Department of Science and Technology (252400410184). The Henan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project (2024CXW020). The Research Project on Strengthening Education in Henan Province under the Henan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Program (2025JYQS1239).
References
-
Alexander, B. & Bellandi, N. (2022). Limited or limitless? Exploring the potential of NFTs on value creation in luxury fashion. Fashion Practice, 14(3), 376-400.
[https://doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2022.2118969]
-
Alexander, B. & Rutter, C. (2022). Towards transformation: Digitalization, sustainability and customer experience. Fashion Practice, 14(3), 319-328.
[https://doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2022.2129468]
-
Ali, O., Momin, M., Shrestha, A., Das, R., Alhajj, F., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). A review of the key challenges of non-fungible tokens. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 187, 122248.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122248]
-
Arizal, N., Nofrizal, Dwika Listihana, W., & Hadiyati. (2024). Gen Z customer loyalty in online shopping: An integrated model of trust, website design, and security. Journal of Internet Commerce, 23(2), 121-143.
[https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2024.2330812]
-
Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
[https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173]
-
Belk, R., Humayun, M., & Brouard, M. (2022). Money, possessions, and ownership in the Metaverse: NFTs, cryptocurrencies, Web3 and wild markets. Journal of Business Research, 153, 198-205.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.031]
-
Cho, M., Ko, E., & Taylor, C. R. (2024). The use of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as promotional devices to build brands: An application of lovemark theory. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 16(1), 1–17.
[https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2024.2388035]
-
Chohan, R. & Paschen, J. (2023). NFT marketing: How marketers can use nonfungible tokens in their campaigns. Business Horizons, 66(1), 43-50.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.12.004]
-
Colicev, A. (2023). How can non-fungible tokens bring value to brands. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 40(1), 30-37.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2022.07.003]
-
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press.
[https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7]
-
Eroglu, S. A., Machleit, K. A., & Davis, L. M. (2003). Empirical testing of a model of online store atmospherics and shopper responses. Psychology & marketing, 20(2), 139-150.
[https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.10064]
-
Fang, Y.-H. (2012). Does online interactivity matter? Exploring the role of interactivity strategies in consumer decision making. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1790-1804.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.019]
-
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: Notes on the Gioia methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15-31.
[https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151]
-
Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1968). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Transaction.
[https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206]
-
Grigsby, J. L., Jewell, R. D., & Campbell, C. (2021). Have your cake and eat it too: How invoking post-purchase hyperopia mitigates impulse purchase regret. Marketing Letters, 32, 75-89.
[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-020-09536-6]
-
Guo, X. & Qu, X. (2025). The impact of branded NFT characteristics on consumer response: A study based on the grounded theory. Foreign Economics & Management, 47(01), 104-120.
[https://doi.org/10.16538/j.cnki.fem.20240409.301]
-
Han, J., Wang, D., & Yang, Z. (2022). Research on customer engagement behavior of national-brand cross-over marketing: An exploration based on grounded theory. Business Management Journal, 44(7), 175-192.
[https://doi.org/10.19616/j.cnki.bmj.2022.07.010]
-
Hofstetter, R., De Bellis, E., Brandes, L., Clegg, M., Lamberton, C., Reibstein, D., Rohlfsen, F., Schmitt, B., & Zhang, J. Z. (2022). Crypto-marketing: How non-fungible tokens (NFTs) challenge traditional marketing. Marketing Letters, 33(4), 705-711.
[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-022-09639-2]
-
Holden, L. (2022). Reimaging fashion for the new real. Fashion Practice, 14(3), 401-404.
[https://doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2022.2129470]
-
Hwang, Y. (2023). When makers meet the metaverse: Effects of creating NFT metaverse exhibition in maker education. Computers & Education, 194, 104693.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104693]
-
Jain, G., Kamble, S. S., Ndubisi, N. O., Shrivastava, A., Belhadi, A., & Venkatesh, M. (2022). Antecedents of Blockchain-Enabled E-commerce Platforms (BEEP) adoption by customers–A study of second-hand small and medium apparel retailers. Journal of Business Research, 149, 576-588.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.05.041]
-
Jeong, H.-J. & Koo, D.-M. (2015). Combined effects of valence and attributes of e-WOM on consumer judgment for message and product: The moderating effect of brand community type. Internet Research, 25(1), 2-29.
[https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-09-2013-0199]
-
Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–292.
[https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185]
- Kiong, L. V. (2022. Metaverse made easy: A beginner's guide to the metaverse: Everything you need to know about metaverse, NFT and GameFi. Liew Voon Kiong.
-
Li, S. & Chen, Y. (2023). How nonfungible tokens empower business model innovation. Business Horizons, 66(4), 543-554.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2022.10.006]
-
Li, Y., Wu, R., Li, D., & Fan, H. (2019). Can scarcity of products promote or restrain consumers' word-of-mouth in social networks? The moderating roles of products' social visibility and consumers' self-construal. Computers in Human Behavior, 95, 14-23.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.013]
-
Liu, Z., Li, Y., Min, Q., & Chang, M. (2022). User incentive mechanism in blockchain-based online community: An empirical study of steemit. Information & Management, 59(7), 103596.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2022.103596]
-
Lo, H.-Y. & Harvey, N. (2012). Effects of shopping addiction on consumer decision-making: Web-based studies in real time. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 1(4), 162-170.
[https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.1.2012.006]
-
Scheiding, R. (2023). Designing the future? The metaverse, NFTs, & the future as defined by unity users. Games and Culture, 18(6), 804-820.
[https://doi.org/10.1177/15554120221139218]
-
Slaton, K. & Pookulangara, S. (2022). Collaborative consumption: An investigation into the secondary sneaker market. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 46(3), 763-780.
[https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12725]
-
Thaler, R. (1980). Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 1(1), 39-60.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(80)90051-7]
- Wang, W. (2023, January 12). The impact of positive and negative news about celebrity endorsers on the consumer behavior of generation Z—take the Chinese market as an example. 2022 International Conference on Sustainable Development and Media Communication (SDMC 2022), Online Conference. https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2023/04/shsconf_sdmc2022_02013.pdf
-
Yang, Q., Pang, C., Liu, L., Yen, D. C., & Tarn, J. M. (2015). Exploring consumer perceived risk and trust for online payments: An empirical study in China's younger generation. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 9-24.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.058]
-
Yu, A., Yu, S., & Liu, H. (2022). How a “China-made” label influences Chinese Youth's product evaluation: The priming effect of patriotic and nationalistic news. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 66, 102899.
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102899]
-
Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.
[https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298805200302]
-
Zhang, Y., Guo, X., & Xu, Z. (2024). How to use “jade of other mountains” in cultural resources? A study on consumer responses to brand cultural appropriation based on grounded theory. Foreign Economics & Management, 46(3), 18-35.
[https://doi.org/10.16538/j.cnki.fem.20230605.301]
-
Zhang, L. & Phang, I. G. (2025). How NFTs contribute to consumers’ purchase intention towards luxury fashion physical products. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 29(3), 496-519.
[https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2024-0260]